ABSTRACT Strategies that aim to condition the soil positively impact ruminant production systems on pasture. The production of litterfall is directly responsible for improvements in the soil's chemical, physical, and biological characteristics. The objective of this study was to quantify and qualify the litterfall deposition of the Silvopastoral System with Eucalyptus (SSP) to compare with Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (FL) and Monoculture Pasture System (MN), as well as the decomposition of deciduous material. For this, 12 litterfall collectors were placed in each ecosystem, where the deposition of deciduous material was measured and stratified every 28 days for 11 months. Litterfall decomposition was evaluated using the litterbags method. The total litterfall production over the evaluated months for SSP, FL, and MN were 10.74, 7.17, and 1.01 t ha-1, respectively. The decomposition constant (k) for SSP and FL were 0.0021 and 0.0025 g g-1 day-1, while the half-life time (T0.5) was 322 and 272 days, respectively. The afforestation of pastures with eucalyptus can potentially increase organic matter production in the system and benefit the other components of SSP.

RESUMO Estratégias que objetivam condicionar o solo impactam positivamente no sistema de produção de ruminantes a pasto. A produção de serapilheira é diretamente responsável por melhorias nas características químicas, físicas e biológicas no solo. Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar e qualificar a deposição de serapilheira do Sistema Silvipastoril com Eucalipto (SSP), a fim de compará-lo com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FL) e Sistema de Pastagem em Monocultivo (MN), assim como a decomposição do material decíduo. Para isso, foram instalados 12 coletores de serapilheira em cada ecossistema, onde foi mensurado e estratificado a deposição do material decíduo a cada 28 dias, por 11 meses. A decomposição da serapilheira foi avaliada através do método de litterbags. A produção total de serapilheira dos meses avaliados para SSP, FL e MN foi de 10,74, 7,17 e 1,01 t ha-1, respectivamente. A constante de decomposição (k) para SSP e FL foi de 0,0021 e 0,0025 g g-1 dia-1, enquanto o tempo de meia vida (T0,5) foi de 322 e 272 dias, respectivamente. A arborização das pastagens com eucalipto tem potencial de aumentar a produção de matéria orgânica no sistema e beneficiar os demais componentes do SSP.

Aim Evaluate the prevalence of bruxism and to analyze what are the possible associated factors with this condition in students of a Brazilian university. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 230 students randomly selected among undergraduate courses at a university center. The dependent variable was the presence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral habits and stress perception (Perceived Stress Scale- PSS 14). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used. Results The prevalence of awake bruxism was 28.7% and was associated with the independent variables: course (degree program), gum chewing habits, chin hand placing, facedown sleeping and one-side biting. Sleep bruxism had a 7.0% prevalence and displayed association with gum chewing, pens/pencils/objects biting, tongue/lips/cheeks biting, nails biting and one-side biting. Perceived stress was not associated with either type of bruxism. Conclusion Bruxism has an important prevalence among university students, especially when distinguishing between awake bruxism and sleep bruxism.

Resumo Objetivos: Analisar criticamente a literatura publicada nos últimos cinco anos sobre intervenções usadas no tratamento da halitose. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, seguindo o Prisma Checklist, foi conduzida nos bancos de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Académico usando os descritores ‘Halitosis’ AND ‘Treatment’. Foram seguidas etapas de seleção de artigos, aplicando critérios de inclusão e exclusão; extração de dados e análise qualitativa, onde dois pesquisadores de forma independente verificaram a confiabilidade metodológica dos artigos inclusos. Resultados: 296 artigos foram recuperados das bases de dados e após aplicação dos critérios 17 foram inclusos. Dos estudos incluídos apenas 11 tinham qualidade metodológica aceitável. Tratamentos mecânicos (escovagem dos dentes e da língua), químicos (antissépticos, pastas dentífricas, comprimidos e pastilhas) e também biológicos (probióticos) foram positivamente associados a redução da halitose. Conclusões: Embora multifatorial o dentista deve compreender a etiologia da halitose e aplicar a melhor intervenção baseada em evidências.

Abstract Objectives: To critically analyze the literature published in the last five years on interventions used in the treatment of halitosis. Methods: A qualitative systematic review, following the Prism Checklist, was conducted in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases using the descriptors ‘Halitosis’ AND ‘Treatment’. The steps were followed for article selection, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria; data extraction and qualitative analysis, where two researchers independently verified the methodological reliability of the included articles. Results: 296 articles were retrieved from the databases and after applying criteria 17 articles were included. Of the articles included, only 11 had acceptable methodological quality. Mechanical (tooth and tongue brushing), chemical (antiseptics, toothpastes and tablets) and also biological treatments (probiotics) were positively associated with halitosis reduction. Conclusion: Although multifactorial, the dentist should understand the etiology of halitosis and apply the best evidence-based intervention.

ABSTRACT: Allergic reactions are host immune responses to endogenous or exogenous antigens, which can result in local and systemic problems. Among the main allergens are the dental materials used in orthodontics, which faces some challenges with regard to biocompatibility with oral tissues.This study aimed to analyze in the literature which materials used in orthodontics are related to the appearance of oral and perioral allergic reactions, as well as to investigate the most prevalen t manifestations.An integrative review was carried out with articles published between 2010 and 2020 on the PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect on-line database. For this, MeSH descriptors and synonyms were used following two semantic fields: “Hypersensitivity” in association with “Orthodontic Appliances”, the selection of studies counted with the stages of identifica tion, screening, eligibility and inclusion. Randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional or cohort clinical trials; Patients with alle rgic reactions affecting the oral or perioral region due to contact with orthodontic material, were included in the review.From a to tal of 549 articles only 04 were selected for the study. In accordance with what has been analyzed in the evidence of these studies, periodontal changes such as gingival inflammation as well as erythema, edema, papules and blisters were the main reactions described. Furthermore, in all articles there was an association with nickel and in only one with chromium. It is possible to i nfer that inflammatory lesions are frequent manifestations on the use of nickel in orthodontic patients.

RESUMEN: Las reacciones alérgicas son respuestas inmunes del huésped a antígenos endógenos o exógenos, los cuales pueden provocar problemas locales y sistémicos. Entre los principales alérgenos se encuentran los materiales dentales utilizados en la ortodoncia, la cual se enfrenta a algunos desafíos respecto a la biocompatibilidad de los tejidos orales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar en la literatura que materiales utilizados en ortodoncia están relacionados con la aparición de reacciones alérgicas orales y periorales, así como investigar las manifestaciones más prevalentes. Se llevó a cabo una revisión con artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2020 en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase y ScienceDirect. Para ello, se utilizaron descriptores y sinónimos de MeSH siguiendo dos campos semánticos: "Hipersensibilidad" en asociación con "Aparatos de Ortodoncia", la selección de estudios contó con las etapas de identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión. Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, ensayos clínicos transversales o de cohortes; en la revisión se incluyeron pacientes con reacciones alérgicas que afectaron a la regiones oral o perioral debido al contacto con material de ortodoncia. De un total de 549 artículos sólo cuatro fueron seleccionados para el estudio. De acuerdo con lo que se analizó en la evidencia, las principales reacciones descritas fueron cambios periodontales, como inflamación gingival, eritema, edema, pápulas y ampollas. Además, en todos los artículos hubo una asociación con níquel y solamente en uno con cromo. Es posible inferir que las lesiones inflamatorias son manifestaciones frecuentes sobre el uso de níquel en pacientes de ortodoncia.

RESUMO Embora o diagnóstico da EM tenha se modificado na última década, ainda tem como requisito básico a demonstração da disseminação no tempo e no espaço, através do quadro clínico e do exame de ressonância magnética. A síntese intratecal de imunoglobulina pode ser um marcador inespecífico e não há biomarcadores plasmáticos que sejam úteis no diagnóstico da EM, impondo desafios à sua detecção precoce. Métodos Realizamos uma análise lipidômica preliminar por espectrometria de massas, não direcionada, qualitativa, comparando amostras de LCR e plasma de pacientes com EM, outras doenças neurológicas inflamatórias e hipertensão intracraniana idiopática (HII). Resultados A identificação lipídica revelou que os ácidos graxos e esfingolipídios foram as classes mais abundantes de lipídios no LCR e que glicerolipídios e ácidos graxos foram a principal classe de lipídios no plasma de pacientes com EM. A AUC foi de 0,995 (0,912–1) e 0,78 (0,583–0,917), respectivamente. O teste de permutação indicou que essa combinação de íons foi útil para distinguir a EM de outras doenças inflamatórias (p < 0,001 e 0,055, respectivamente). Conclusão Este estudo sugere que o líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) e o plasma de pacientes com EM possuem uma assinatura lipídica única, pode ser útil como um biomarcador diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last decade, but remains a composite of clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging to prove dissemination of lesions in time and space. The intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin may be a nonspecific marker and there are no plasma biomarkers that are useful in the diagnosis of MS, presenting additional challenges to their early detection. Methods We performed a preliminary untargeted qualitative lipidomics mass spectrometry analysis, comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from patients with MS, other inflammatory neurological diseases and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Results Lipid identification revealed that fatty acids and sphingolipids were the most abundant classes of lipids in the CSF and that glycerolipids and fatty acids were the main class of lipids in the plasma of patients with MS. The area under the curve was 0.995 (0.912–1) and 0.78 (0.583–0.917), respectively. The permutation test indicated that this ion combination was useful for distinguishing MS from other inflammatory diseases (p < 0.001 and 0.055, respectively). Conclusion This study concluded that the CSF and plasma from patients with MS bear a unique lipid signature that can be useful as a diagnostic biomarker.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O câncer colorretal (CCR) é, mundialmente, uma das principais causas de câncer. Métodos de diagnóstico precoce através de biomarcadores séricos são necessários. O estudo das ômicas, mais recentemente a lipidômica, tem a finalidade de analisar os lipídeos para melhor compreensão do lipidoma humano. A evolução dos métodos de espectrometria de massa, como a tecnologia por MALDI-MS, possibilitou a detecção e a identificação de uma ampla variedade de lipídeos com grande potencial para abrir novos caminhos para a medicina preditiva e preventiva. OBJETIVO: Determinar o perfil lipidômico de pacientes com câncer colorretal e pólipos. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes com CCR estádio I-III, com pólipos adenomatosos e indivíduos com colonoscopia normal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a coleta do sangue periférico para extração do lipídeo. As amostras foram analisadas por técnica de MALDI-MS para a identificação dos lipídeos. ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: Para análise univariada e multivariada foram utilizados a análise de componentes principais (PCA) e a análise discriminante pelos quadrados mínimos (PLS-DA). Os íons foram identificados de acordo com a classe de lipídeos usando-se o Lipid Maps (http://www.lipidmaps.org). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 88 indivíduos, 40 com CCR, 12 com pólipos e 32 controles. A análise de boxbolt evidenciou oito íons VIP nos três grupos. Observou-se diferenças entre os grupos câncer e controle, assim como entre câncer e pólipo, mas não entre pólipos e controle. O policetídeo (810,1) foi o lipídeo hipo-representado no câncer e hiperrepresentado no pólipo e controle. Entre os pacientes com CCR observamos diferenças entre os lipídeos com invasão linfonodal (N1-2) comparados aos sem invasão linfonodal (N0). CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados possíveis biomarcadores lipídicos entre os pacientes com câncer comparados aos grupos controle e pólipo. O lipídeo policetídeo (810,1) foi o melhor biomarcador para diferenciar o grupo câncer do controle e pólipo. Não encontramos diferença entre os biomarcadores no grupo pólipo em relação ao controle.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide. Early diagnostic methods using serum biomarkers are required. The study of omics, most recently lipidomics, has the purpose of analyzing lipids for a better understanding of human lipidoma. The evolution of mass spectrometry methods, such as MALDI-MS technology, has enabled the detection and identification of a wide variety of lipids with great potential to open new avenues for predictive and preventive medicine. OBJECTIVE: To determine the lipid profile of patients with colorectal cancer and polyps. METHODS: Patients with stage I-III CRC, adenomatous polyps and individuals with normal colonoscopy were selected. All patients underwent peripheral blood collection for lipid extraction. The samples were analyzed by MALDI-MS technique for lipid identification. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariate and multivariate (principal component analysis [PCA] and discriminant analysis by partial least squares [PLS-DA]) analyses workflows were applied to the dataset, using MetaboAnalyst 3.0 software. The ions were identified according to the class of lipids using the online database Lipid Maps (http://www.lipidmaps.org). RESULTS: We included 88 individuals, 40 with CRC, 12 with polyps and 32 controls. Boxplot analysis showed eight VIP ions in the three groups. Differences were observed between the cancer and control groups, as well as between cancer and polyp, but not between polyps and control. The polyketide (810.1) was the lipid represented in cancer and overrepresented in polyp and control. Among the patients with CRC we observed differences between lipids with lymph node invasion (N1-2) compared to those without lymph node invasion (N). CONCLUSION: Possible lipid biomarkers were identified among cancer patients compared to control and polyp groups. The polyketide lipid (810.1) was the best biomarker to differentiate the cancer group from control and polyp. We found no difference between the biomarkers in the polyp group in relation to the control.

This study aims to analyze the infrastructure and the services offered to tourists on the beach of Ajuruteua, with the purpose of emphasizing the tourist potential, based on the environmental conditions offered by the region and proposing measures to develop the ecological and social potential of this region, with the intent of valuing the local tourism. Ajuruteua is located in the city of Bragança - PA, 238 km from the state capital (Belem), in the northeast Parense, Brazilian Amazon. The methodology is characterized by quantitative approach with the application of 450 questionnaires to the tourists and more 15 questionnaires with the owners of the hostels, analyzed by descriptive methods and SWOT, respectively. The results indicated that 62 % of the interviewees did not consider the beach clean and organized, however 92% of the tourists would recommend the beach to friends and family because it is a calm place and keeper of natural beauty. Through the SWOT Method, it was observed that scenarios of small and medium owners presented a precarious panorama; on the other hand, the larger hostels presented positive scenarios, since these invest more in infrastructure and services provision. In this way, with improvements in local infrastructure, the region’s annual savings would reach US$ 10.869.440,72. Nevertheless, the development of the tourism must be concomitant with the generation of income and employment, allowing the reduction of social inequalities, integrating the local population to the labour market, valuing the local characteristic through touristic attractions and promoting environmental and cultural preservation.

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la infraestructura y los servicios ofrecidos a los turistas en la playa de Ajuruteua, con la finalidad de resaltar el potencial turístico basado en las condiciones ambientales que la región ofrece y proponer medidas para desarrollar el potencial ecológico y social de la región, valorando el turismo local. Ajuruteua se localiza en el municipio de Bragança - PA, a 238 km de la capital del estado (Belém), en el nordeste Paraense en la Amazonia Brasileña. Se aplicó un abordaje cuantitativo con la realización de 450 cuestionarios a los turistas y 15 cuestionarios a los propietarios de las posadas. Los mismos fueron analizados por los métodos descriptivos y SWOT respectivamente. Los resultados encontrados indicaron que el 62% de los entrevistados no consideraron que la playa estuviera limpia y organizada, aunque el 92% de los turistas recomendaría la playa de Ajuruteua a los amigos y familiares, por ser un lugar calmo y con bellezas naturales. Por medio del Método SWOT se observó que los pequeños y medianos propietarios presentaron un panorama precario. Por otro lado, las grandes posadas presentaron un escenario positivo pues invierten más en infraestructura y prestación de servicios. De esa forma, con mejoras en la infraestructura local la economía anual de la región llegaría a sumar US$ 10.869.440,72. No obstante, el desarrollo del turismo debe ser concomitante con la generación de empleo e ingreso posibilitando la disminución de las desigualdades sociales, integrando a la población local al mercado de trabajo, valorizando las características locales por medio de atractivos para los turistas y promoviendo la preservación ambiental y cultural de la región.

OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some miRNAs, including let-7a and miR-195, have been described as tumor suppressors. However, the roles of these microRNAs in breast cancer progression remain controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate miR-195 and let-7a expression as potential biomarkers of invasive breast cancer. METHODS: In the present study, 200 individuals were separated into three groups: (i) 72 women constituting the control group who were selected according to rigorous and well-established criteria; (ii) 56 patients with benign breast tumors; and (iii) 72 patients with malignant breast cancers of different clinical stages. The miR-195 and let-7a expression levels in serum were evaluated by real-time PCR. The results were assessed alone and in combination, and the analysis included an estimation of sensitivity and specificity in ROC curves. RESULTS: Compared with the benign and control groups, both microRNAs were downregulated in the malignant breast cancer patient group. Compared with the malignant group, the combination of both biomarkers in the control and benign groups showed good sensitivity and specificity in the serum with AUCs of 0.75 and 0.72, respectively. The biomarker combination for the control group versus the malignant group exhibited a better sensitivity and specificity than for the benign group versus the malignant group. CONCLUSION: These findings support the evidence that the analysis of miR-195 and let-7a can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer detection.

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects reproductive-age women. The mechanisms underlying the endocrine heterogeneity and neuroendocrinology of polycystic ovary syndrome are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of the kisspeptin system and gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse regulators in the hypothalamus as well as factors related to luteinizing hormone secretion in the pituitary of polycystic ovary syndrome rat models induced by testosterone or estradiol. METHODS: A single injection of testosterone propionate (1.25 mg) (n=10) or estradiol benzoate (0.5 mg) (n=10) was administered to female rats at 2 days of age to induce experimental polycystic ovary syndrome. Controls were injected with a vehicle (n=10). Animals were euthanized at 90-94 days of age, and the hypothalamus and pituitary gland were used for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: Rats exposed to testosterone exhibited increased transcriptional expression of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-β and reduced expression of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus. However, rats exposed to estradiol did not show any significant changes in hormone levels relative to controls but exhibited hypothalamic downregulation of kisspeptin, tachykinin 3 and estrogen receptor-α genes and upregulation of the gene that encodes the kisspeptin receptor. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone- and estradiol-exposed rats with different endocrine phenotypes showed differential transcriptional expression of members of the kisspeptin system and sex steroid receptors in the hypothalamus. These differences might account for the different endocrine phenotypes found in testosterone- and estradiol-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Não há registro de casos de câncer de mama em populações indígenas no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a associação de características clínicas e demográficas com a densidade mamográfica em mulheres indígenas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em territórios indígenas no estado do Amapá, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Mulheres foram recrutadas de três territórios indígenas e submetidas a mamografia bilateral e a coleta de sangue para análise hormonal. As participantes foram entrevistadas com a ajuda de um intérprete. A densidade mamográfica foi calculada com assistência de computador, e expressa como densa ou não densa. RESULTADOS: 137 mulheres foram incluídas no estudo, com média de 50,4 anos e média de idade à menarca de 12,8 anos. Metade (50,3%) das 137 participantes não havia entrado na menopausa no momento do estudo. As mulheres tinham em média 8,7 filhos, e duas nunca haviam amamentado. O índice de massa corpórea médio da população como um todo foi de 25,1 kg/m2. A análise mamográfica mostrou que 82% das mulheres tinham mamas não densas. As características clínicas associadas com a densidade mamográfica foram idade (P = 0.0001), hormônio folículo-estimulante (FSH, P < 0,001) e níveis de estrogênio (P < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria das indígenas tinha mamas não densas. Idade, status menopausal e níveis de estrógeno e FSH foram associados com a densidade mamográfica.

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is no register of breast cancer cases among indigenous populations in Brazil. The objective here was to evaluate the association of clinical and demographic characteristics with mammographic density among indigenous women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted in indigenous territories in the state of Amapá, Brazil. METHODS: Women were recruited from three indigenous territories and underwent bilateral mammography and blood collection for hormonal analysis. They were interviewed with the aid of an interpreter. Mammographic density was calculated using computer assistance, and was expressed as dense or non-dense. RESULTS: A total of 137 indigenous women were included in this study, with an average age of 50.4 years, and an average age at the menarche of 12.8 years. Half (50.3%) of the 137 participants had not reached the menopause at the time of this study. The women had had an average of 8.7 children, and only two had never breastfed. The average body mass index of the population as a whole was 25.1 kg/m2. The mammographic evaluation showed that 82% of women had non-dense breasts. The clinical characteristics associated with mammographic density were age (P = 0.0001), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P < 0.001) and estrogen levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the indigenous women had non-dense breasts. Age, menopausal status and FSH and estrogen levels were associated with mammographic density.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between p53 polymorphisms and human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA expression. Methods: We analyzed 175 cervical samples from women aged 16-69 years old who were tested for HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression (NucliSENS® EasyQ® HPV). The samples were divided into three groups: positive (n = 75) those with positive HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression and positive high-risk HPV Hybrid Capture (HR-HC) test; negative (n = 52) those with negative HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression and positive HR-HC; and control (n = 48) those with negative HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression and negative HR-HC. The p53 polymorphisms at codons 11, 72, and 248 were evaluated through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequency of the arginine/arginine homozygous genotype at codon 72 was significantly higher in the positive (49.3%) than in the negative (32.7%) and control groups (20.8%, p = 0.002*). The frequency of the arginine allele was also significantly higher in the positive (67.3%) than in the negative (53.8%) and control groups (38.5%, p < 0.001*). The arginine/arginine homozygous genotype was significantly associated with positive HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression (positive group) compared with negative and control groups (odds ratio: 2.633; 95% CI, 1.399-4.954, p = 0.003). The frequency of arginine/arginine homozygous genotype at codon 72 remained significantly more frequent in the positive group of women aged ≥30 years than in the other two groups. Conclusion: The presence of the p53 arginine/arginine homozygous genotype at codon 72 was significantly associated with the positive HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression.

Objetivo Correlacionar a expressão mRNAE6/E7 do HPV de alto risco com os exames de Papanicolau, colposcopia e biópsia em mulheres com lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL). Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres encaminhadas aos serviços de atenção primária com diagnóstico citológico de HSIL. Foi avaliada a expressão do mRNAE6/E7 dos tipos de HPV 16,18,31,33 e 45, correlacionando-se a expressão com os exames de Papanicolau, colposcopia e biópsia. Para a amplificação/detecção demRNA de E6/E7 foi usado o kit NucliSENS EasyQ(r) HPV que detecta mRNA do HPV por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase com primers/probes HPV dos tipos 16, 18, 31, 33 e 45. Resultados Foram obtidos 128 testes válidos. Destes: 30 (23,4%) foram negativos e 98 (70%) dos testes foram positivos. Foi encontrado apenas um tipo de HPV em 87,7% dos positivos. O HPV16 foi omais encontrado em61,2%, seguido pelos HPV33 (26,5%); HPV31 (17,34%); HPV 18 (10,0%) e HPV (45 4,0%). Quanto ao exame de Papanicolau, o teste E6/E7 foi positivo em 107 (83,8%) das mulheres com ASC-H, HSIL ou superior, enquanto em citologia negativa foi encontrado um resultado positivo em 69 (57,5%) colposcopia. A frequência de teste E6/E7 positivo aumentou com a gravidade da lesão, detectada na colposcopia variando de 57,1% em mulheres sem lesão identificada em colposcopia até 86,5% naqueles com achado de colposcopia de grau maior. Das 111 mulheres que se submeteram a biópsia e o teste E6/E7, o teste foi positivo em 84,7% das que apresentaramlesão igual ou superior a NIC 2 (neoplasia intraepitelial cervical) e 41,2% daqueles com biópsia negativa. Conclusões A expressão de E6, E7 RNAm ocorreu commaior frequência emlesões de alto grau citológica e em casos com biópsias de NIC2 ou maior.

Purpose To correlate the expression of high-risk HPV E6 mRNA with pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy results in women with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on women referred for primary care services after cytological diagnosis of HSIL. We evaluated the expression of E6/E7 mRNA of HPV types 16,18,31,33, and 45 and correlated the results with those of Pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy. For amplification/detection of mRNA E6 / E7 we used NucliSENSEasyQ kit to detect HPV mRNA by polymerase chain reaction with primers/ probes for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45. Results Out of 128 valid tests, the results of 30 (23.4%) tests were negative and 98 (70%) tests were positive. Only one type of HPV was detected in 87.7% of the E6/E7 mRNA positive cases. HPV16 was detected in 61.2% of the cases, followed by HPV33 (26.5%), HPV31 (17.3%), HPV18 (10%), and HPV45 (4.08%). Pap smear tests revealed that the E6/E7 test was positive in 107 (83.8%) women with atypical squamous cells - high grade (ASC-H), HSIL, or higher. The E6/E7 test was positive in 69 (57.5%) specimens presenting negative cytology results. When analyzing the association with colposcopy results, the frequency of positive E6/E7 results increased with the severity of the injury, ranging from 57.1% in women without colposcopy-detected injury to 86.5% in those with higher levels of colposcopy findings. Of the 111 women who underwent biopsy and E6/E7 testing, the E6/E7 test was positive in 84.7% of the women who presented with lesions of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher. Finally, 41.2% of women with a negative biopsy presented a positive E6/E7 test. Conclusions E6/E7mRNA expression was higher in women with HSIL and CIN grade 2 or higher.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os genes diferencialmente expressos em ovários de camundongos fêmeas magras (tipo selvagem) e obesas (ob/ob) e a produção de AMP cíclico em ambos os grupos.MÉTODOS: A expressão nos níveis de RNA mensageiro de 84 genes relacionados à obesidade foi analisada por PCR Array, e o AMP cíclico foi quantificado por método imunoenzimático.RESULTADOS: Os genes que mais sofreram diminuição da expressão no Grupo Obesidade incluíram o tipo 1 de polipeptídeo ativador da adenilato ciclase, o da somatostatina, da apolipoproteína A4, da colipase pancreática e da beta interleucina 1. A média de redução na expressão desses genes foi de aproximadamente 96, 40, 9, 4,2 e 3,6 vezes, respectivamente. Por outro lado, os genes que mais tiveram aumento na expressão no Grupo Obesidade foram o gene da proteína modificadora da atividade do receptor de calcitonina 3, do proliferador de peroxissomos ativados por proteína alfa, do receptor de calcitonina e do receptor para hormônio liberador de corticotropinas 1. As médias de acréscimo nos níveis de expressão de tais genes foram de 2,3, 2,7, 4,8 e 6,3 vezes, respectivamente. A produção de AMP cíclico ovariana foi significantemente aumentada em camundongos fêmeas ob/ob (2.229±52 fMol) quando comparada ao Grupo Controle (1.814±45 fMol).CONCLUSÕES: Camundongos fêmeas obesas e anovuladoras possuem níveis de hormônio reprodutivo reduzidos e ovulogênese alterada. Vários genes mostram níveis de expressão alterados quando a leptina está ausente, principalmente o tipo 1 de polipeptídeo ativador da adenilato ciclase.

PURPOSE: To evaluate genes differentially expressed in ovaries from lean (wild type) and obese (ob/ob) female mice and cyclic AMP production in both groups.METHODS: The expression on messenger RNA levels of 84 genes concerning obesity was analyzed through the PCR array, and cyclic AMP was quantified by the enzyme immunoassay method.RESULTS: The most downregulated genes in the Obesity Group included adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1, somatostatin, apolipoprotein A4, pancreatic colipase, and interleukin-1 beta. The mean decrease in expression levels of these genes was around 96, 40, 9, 4.2 and 3.6-fold, respectively. On the other hand, the most upregulated genes in the Obesity Group were receptor (calcitonin) activity-modifying protein 3, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, calcitonin receptor, and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1. The increase means in the expression levels of such genes were 2.3, 2.7, 4.8 and 6.3-fold, respectively. The ovarian cyclic AMP production was significantly higher in ob/ob female mice (2,229±52 fMol) compared to the Control Group (1,814±45 fMol).CONCLUSIONS: Obese and anovulatory female mice have reduced reproductive hormone levels and altered ovogenesis. Several genes have their expression levels altered when leptin is absent, especially adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1.

O girassol vem apresentando aptidão para opção de rotação e sucessão de culturas em regiões produtoras de grãos, e quando cultivado em consórcio mostra-se como opção interessante para o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico do consórcio girassol com Brachiaria ruziziensis em diferentes épocas de semeadura e espaçamento entre linhas. O experimento foi conduzido na Área Experimental do Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados - UNIGRAN, no município de Dourados, MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial com 3 x 2 x 2 (três épocas de semeadura, dois espaçamentos 0,45 e 0,90 m e dois sistemas de cultivo-solteiro e consorciado com brachiária nas entrelinhas) com quatro repetições. As características agronômicas avaliadas da variedade EMBRAPA 122 de girassol foi altura de plantas, diâmetro de capítulo, número de aquênios por capítulo, massa de 100 aquênios, produtividade e teor de óleo. O Sistema de consórcio Girassol/brachiaria quando semeado em 08 de março promoveu maior produtividade e quando semeado em 21 de fevereiro proporcionou maior altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e diâmetro de capítulo. O teor de óleo e massa de 100 aquênios foi maior quando semeado em 08 e 23 de março. O espaçamento de 0,90 m proporcionou maior quantidade de aquênios por capítulo.

The sunflower has shown suitability as an option in crop rotation and succession planting in grain producing regions, and when grown as an intercrop, proves to be an interesting choice for integrated crop-livestock systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of intercropping the sunflower with Brachiaria ruziziensis at different sowing times and spacing between rows. The experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados, UNIGRAN, in the town of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (three sowing times, two spacings between rows, 0.45 and 0.90 m, and two cropping systems, as monocrop and intercropped with brachiária between rows), with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated in the EMBRAPA 122 variety of sunflower were plant height, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 100-achene weight, productivity and oil content. The intercropped sunflower and brachiaria system sown on 8 March promoted greater productivity, and that sown on 21 February, greater plant height, stem diameter and head diameter. The oil content and 100-achene weight were greater when sown on 8 and 23 March. The spacing of 0.90 m resulted in a larger quantity of achenes per head.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, realizar a caracterização física das Bacias Hidrográficas do Igarapé Canela Fina e Igarapé Preto, ambas localizadas no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, AC. Para a classificação não supervisionada empregou-se o ISODATA através dos produtos do sensor TM, a bordo do satélite Landsat-5 fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. O período avaliado se estende entre os anos de 2005 a 2010. Os resultados mostram um aumento médio de 48,11% em áreas desflorestadas para essas bacias e redução média em áreas florestadas de 50,58%, em consequência de intervenções antrópicas ocorridas ao longo dos últimos anos. As características físicas calculadas demonstraram similaridade entre as bacias hidrográficas, ambas respondem lentamente a eventos hidrológicos e, portanto, não propícias a enchentes. As modificações realizadas ao longo dos últimos anos na superfície das bacias hidrográficas alteraram possivelmente a dinâmica hídrica dos igarapés e os resultados obtidos indicam a eficiência do Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema de Informação Geográfica na análise da dinâmica espaço-tempo da vegetação e caracterização morfométrica das bacias hidrográficas.

The aim of this study was to report physical characterization of the hydrographical basins of Igarapé Canela Fina and Igarapé Preto, both located in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. The ISODATA algorithm was used for the non-supervised classification, drawing on data provided by the TM Landsat 5 sensor from the National Institute for Space Research. The covered period of analysis was from 2005 to 2010. The analysis shows an average increase of 48.11% of deforested areas and a mean reduction of 50.58% in the forested areas for both basins, due to anthropic interventions over those five years. The analysis of physical characteristics shows similarities between the hydrographical basins, with both responding slowly to hydrological events, and thus providing conditions not favourable to flooding. Modifications conducted on the surface of the hydrographical basins along the last few years have, however, possibly altered the hydro dynamics of the rivers and streams. The preliminary results indicate that the Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems are efficient tools for the analysis of the space-time dynamics of vegetation and the morphometric characterization of hydrographical basins.